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Morphological and anatomical changes occurring in plant organs are not only dependent on their taxonomic position but are also organically linked to the process of adaptation to environmental factors during evolution In this regard, the comparative study of the chemical analysis of the anatomical structure of plants can be used as important diagnostic criteria in solving some scientific problems in the fields of systematics, ecology and morphology. The anatomical structure of the vegetative organs, including the root, of the artichoke plant (Green Gold variety) grown in moderately saline soils and harsh ecological conditions of the Bukhara region was studied. As a result, the adaptability characteristics of cells and tissues to the living environment, as well as xeromorphic and mesoxeromorphic features, were identified: the size of leaf epidermal cells decreased, the number of stomata increased, the cortical parenchyma of the stem thickened, the diameter and number of conducting vessels increased, and the degree of lignification rose. These changes contribute to the efficient management of water and nutrients under conditions of physiological drought associated with salinization and aridity. Adaptive features were also observed in the root structure of artichoke grown in saline soils: the endodermis and exodermis layers thickened, ensuring selective permeability to salt ions, while the number of xylem elements in the central cylinder increased, improving water conductivity. These characteristics are widespread in halophytes and enable the artichoke to survive and develop in saline environment