Samanhudi1,2*, Sri Hartati1,2, Muji Rahayu1, Iswahyudi1, Endang Setia Muliawati1, Candra Lusi Novitasari1 and Hassan Bashir3
1Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java, Indonesia; 2Center for Research and Development of Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java, Indonesia; 3Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: samanhudi@staff.uns.ac.id
The efficiency of banana (Musa acuminata L. cv. Barangan) micropropagation depends heavily on the composition of the culture medium, particularly the type and concentration of cytokinins and supplementary organic additives. This study evaluated the interactive effects of three organic extracts—shallot (Allium cepa Aggregatum Group), mung bean sprout (taoge; Vigna radiata), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)—and four concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 0.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg L⁻¹) on in vitro growth and development of banana explants. A completely randomized design (CRD) with a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement was employed, with three replications per treatment and one explant per culture vessel. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and treatment responses were further examined through interaction and dose–response visualization, Pearson correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). BAP concentration exerted a dominant effect on root-related traits, significantly delaying root emergence (P<0.001) and reducing root number and root length at higher concentrations. Shoot number and days to shoot emergence were influenced by significant extract × BAP interactions (P<0.05), indicating extract-dependent modulation of cytokinin response. Leaf number and fresh weight increase exhibited high variability and were not significantly affected by treatments. Correlation and PCA revealed strong associations among shoot, root, and biomass traits, with developmental timing traits showing partial trade-offs with growth vigor. These results demonstrate that BAP concentration is the primary regulator of in vitro growth dynamics in banana, while organic extracts modulate shoot responses in an interaction-dependent manner, providing useful information for optimizing banana micropropagation protocols.